Metagenomics NGS Sequencing (mNGS)
Metagenomics Solutions in Africa
In metagenomics, environmental samples are collected in their natural state and studied in order to make sense of the genetic material contained in the samples.
At KIBs, we provide a complete array of metagenomics services, from sequencing to bioinformatics analysis. Our mNGS services include targeted and shotgun metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaepigenomics, and bioinformatics analysis.
1. Targeted Metagenomics
mNGS sequencing of variable regions allows discrimination between bacteria (16S), fungi (18S, ITS), and archaea (ITS).
This involves sequencing the 16S rRna, 18S rRna and ITS regions which are shared across multiple organisms and samples. Targeted mNGS is a faster and more accurate method of identifying bacteria compared to culturing and cloning. It is also less costly than shotgun sequencing, requires less depth, and is highly sensitive as it enables identification of extremely low abundance bacteria.
2. Shotgun Metagenomics
mNGS sequencing of the total genomic complement.
Unlike the targeted metagenomics approach, the shotgun method sequences everything in your sample and not just the rRNA regions. This method provides greater resolution to genetic content.
3. Metatranscriptomics
Identification of transcript isoforms allows pathogens to be identified from metagenomic samples.
This involves the study of microbial gene expression in mixed microbial communities. Metatranscriptomics reveals the diversity of active genes within a natural microbial community, the expression profiles of these genes, and how these expression levels change because of alterations in environmental conditions.
4. Metaepigenomics
Identification of transcript isoforms allows pathogens to be identified from metagenomic samples.
Epigenetics refers to genetic changes that do not involve mutations. Epigenetic mechanisms involve alterations in DNA organization due to physical changes such as histone modification, or chemical alterations to nucleotides such as methylation, acylation, phosphorylation, or adenylation. Metaepigenomics studies epigenetic changes in microbial communities. In bacteria, epigenetics influences antimicrobial resistance (AMR), sporulation and formation of pilli and has an impact on human disease. Therefore, metaepigenomics is a clinically relevant tool.
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